Artificial intelligence (AI) has gained recent public prominence with the release of deep-learning models that can generate anything from art to term papers with minimal human intervention. This development has reinvigorated the discussion of the existing and potential roles of AI in all aspects of life. Among the wide range of fields in which AI can be applied and impactful, Artifical artificial intelligence in medicine stands out as a field with much potential and substantial challenges. Among the wide range of fields with possible applications of AI, however, medicine stands out as one in which there is tremendous potential along with equally substantial challenges. The number of publications featuring the considerations of some aspects of AI as they are relevant to medicine is rapidly increasing, indicating clear interest in the topic. In fact, the Academy recently featured an article reflecting on the benefits, limits, and risks of GPT-4 as an AI chatbot for medicine.

Another such article is featured in the New England Journal of Medicine. “Medicine is much different from other areas where AI is being applied. AI enables new discoveries and improved processes in the entire health care continuum; ethical, governance, and regulatory considerations are critical in the design, implementation, and integration of every component of the AI applications and systems. Because of concerns about both utility and safety, new applications will generally have to adhere to the same standards applied to other medical technologies. This will require a level of rigor in testing similar to that used in other areas of medicine, but it also can present challenges, such as the “dataset shift” that can result when there is a mismatch between the data set with which an AI system was developed and the data on which it is being deployed.”1

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References

  1. Beam, A. L., Drazen, J. M., Kohane, I. S., Leong, T., Manrai, A. K., & Rubin, E. J. (2023). Artificial Intelligence in Medicine. The New England Journal of Medicine, 388(13), 1220–1221. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejme2206291

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